Cranfield Airport

Research and education

Hydrogen-electric aviation

Research and education

Battery-based energy storage systems used in electric vehicles. The article contrasts these with hydrogen fuel cells for aviation, noting their faster degradation under cycling intensity.

Hydrogen in gaseous form, one of the primary forms Germany expects to import to meet national demand.

Facilities that convert gaseous hydrogen into liquid form for transport via cryogenic tanker trucks.

England

Scotland

Germany

A hydrogen fuel cell aviation demonstration project involving a 250–300 nautical mile test flight. The main test is planned for summer in Orkney, Scotland.

A facility at Cranfield University dedicated to research on hydrogen engines, fuel systems, and storage, with separate test sites for gaseous and liquid hydrogen.

Airbus is conducting tests on a 90-kilowatt hydrogen fuel cell system integrated into an A320 aircraft to determine how fuel cells can reduce fuel consumption and environmental impact in commercial aviation.

A four-seater hydrogen-fuelled aircraft that completed its inaugural flight in 2016.

A six-seater aircraft retrofitted by ZeroAvia with hydrogen fuel cell technology for emission-free flight.

A hydrogen fuel cell-based propulsion system for aircraft. ZeroAvia is developing certified configurations ranging from 10–20 seats initially to larger aircraft before 2030 and beyond.